Mangilao

Origin of village name in CHamoru

Mangilao derives its name from the word ilao, which means to look for something. In the past, hunters and fishermen would go to Mangilao to search for crabs, deer, wild pigs, and fish.

Population

According to the US Census, there were 15,191 people living in Mangilao.

Village officials

Allan RG Ungacta is the mayor of Mangilao. Kevin AN Delgado is the vice mayor.

Village description

The village of Mangilao is located in central Guam. It lies between the villages of Barrigada and Chalan Pago. The village also branches off into subdivisions bordering Dededo and Yigo. These subdivisions include Latte Heights, Latte Plantation, Sunrise Villa, Banyan Heights, and lower and upper Pagat. The village has been called “Guam’s capital of education” because both the University of Guam and the Guam Community College are located there.

Several other government agencies are also located in Mangilao, including the Department of Public Health and Social Services, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Corrections, the Department of Youth Affairs, and several schools. Many island residents work in Mangilao and have moved to the area to be closer to work.

Village history

The village of Mangilao today is fairly new, but the area has ancient sites that date back more than 1,000 years. The district of Pagat, located on Route 15 (also commonly referred to as the back road to Andersen), was once an ancient CHamoru village. Pagat is one of the most scenic areas on the island, with breathtaking cliff lines that overlook the Pacific Ocean, and jungle trails that lead to freshwater caves and ancient latte.

Originally, Pagat was thought to have been occupied during the later part of the Ancient Guam Period or early in the Spanish Period in the late 17th century. Because of the areas limited accessibility, it was theorized that the first inhabitants had fled from Spanish rule, but the discovery of a certain type of pottery found there in the 1980s has proven to be typical of an earlier settlement, perhaps just more than 1,000 years ago.

Mangilao lacks a natural water source, so it was not until the late 1920s that the area would be repopulated after water wells, a school, and a road were built. People who owned ranches in Mangilao farmed there during the day and, at night, would return to their homes in Hagåtña. In the 1920s, Naval Governor Henry B. Price launched a vigorous “back-to-the-soil movement” to convince CHamorus to develop their agriculture and become self-sufficient. Part of his program was the concentration of farms in a given section.

The Mangilao-Barrigada area was chosen because of its rolling plateaus and proximity to the island’s capital, Hagåtña. To encourage people to live on their farms and produce more, Price built a road into the area and then the Mangilao School in 1926. He ordered families to send their children to the school, so they would have to live in Mangilao during the week and in their Hagåtña homes only during the weekend. Price ordered that an agriculture department and a dairy factory be built in the village.

After World War II, Mangilao continued to be Guam’s main farming area. Some of the village’s major crops included tapioca, cassava, corn, mongo beans, tomatoes, peppers, and other beans. Many people paid for their homes by selling these crops to a new population of people that moved to Mangilao – construction workers. The village housed thousands of construction workers employed by the military who lived there during the post-war rebuilding boom. Roads and houses were built to accommodate the workers, and grocery stores began to line the village’s main road.

Although Mangilao quickly developed into a prominent village, it was not fully recognized as one at that time. Until the 1950s, Mangilao fell under the municipality of Barrigada. Jesus Pereira, who worked for the Barrigada commissioner and supervised the Mangilao area, believed the village deserved to stand on its own. At the time, he said Mangilao did not receive a fair portion of Barrigada’s budget and needed a separate budget and its own leadership. He submitted a request and Mangilao became a municipality of its own.

Pereira became the first elected commissioner in 1952 and served the village until 1968. During his tenure as mayor, Pereira saw Mangilao transform into what it is today — a growing town with the island’s only university and community college, several government agencies, public and private schools, non-profit organizations, businesses, and the island’s prison and youth detention facility.

By Victoria-Lola Leon Guerrero, MFA

Points of interest

Village map

Institutions

Captain HB Price Elementary School
More commonly known as Price Elementary School, this school is part of the Guam Public School System and houses grades kindergarten through fifth. The school was opened in 1958. It was named after Price, a former naval governor of the island in the 1920s who pushed for agricultural development in the area.

Adacao Elementary School
This school is one of 26 Guam Department of Education elementary schools. The home of the hilitai, or monitor lizard, offers stunning new facilities for students. It is located in the village’s northern area, approaching Dededo.

George Washington High School
Commonly referred to as GW, this high school was established in 1936 in Hagåtña (to replace the Seaton Schroeder Junior High School) and is the oldest public high school on Guam. Its first graduating class was in 1940. In 1945, the school was moved from the capital to Sinajana, and then to Mongmong in 1952. It was rebuilt in Mangilao in 1965 and remains in this location.

Guam Community College
Initially established as Guam Vocational Technical High School, Guam Community College – a public vocational educational institution – was created in 1977 by Public Law 14-77. The legislation was aimed at strengthening and consolidating vocational education on the island. GCC has offered secondary and post-secondary vocational programs, adult and continuing education, community education, and short-term specialized training programs. An Act of Congress in 1946 and 1963 and subsequent amendments designated the college as the State Board of Control for vocational education. Today GCC offers more than 50 courses of study that are job-related. Additionally, the college offers courses of study to prepare its students to transfer to four-year colleges and universities.

KGTF-TV Public Television Station
KGTF-TV, Guam’s first and only public broadcasting television station, went on the air for the first time on 30 October 1970. The station was initially funded by a federal grant from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and the Government of Guam. KGTF established its offices, tower, and transmitter in Mangilao where it continues to operate today. An executive order created the Guam Telecommunications Commission, which enables KGTF to be licensed from the Federal Communications Commission. In 1974, the 12th Guam Legislature made a public law to create a nonprofit, public corporation to operate KGTF creating the Guam Education Telecommunications Corporation.

KGTF works closely with Guam’s educational institutions and the local government to raise the standards in education providing outreach activities, workshops, and training sessions to parents, caregivers, and educators of young children.

Pacific Islands University
The Pacific Islands University (PIU), initially the Micronesian Institute of Biblical Studies (MIBS), was founded in 1976 on Wano, Chuuk. In 1991, MIBS established a campus on Guam, lead by its first president Dr. Roland Rauchholz and became Pacific Islands Bible College (PIBC). PIBC offered certificate and diploma programs in Biblical Studies, Associate of Arts and Bachelor of Arts degrees.

In 2004, PIBC received accreditation from the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS). February 2009, the College was renamed Pacific Islands University (PIU) to better reflect the growing emphasis on Christian liberal arts education and to acknowledge the graduate level seminary program which was launched in the fall of 2008. Since then there has been the addition of the Certification of Basic English, new practical ministry minors, including Bible Translation, AA & BA programs in Liberal Studies, as well as a certificate in Dive Instruction.

Santa Teresita Church
Mangilao’s Catholic church, established in 1951, was redesigned from its former Spanish missionary style to its new architectural design and rebuilt on a lot adjacent to the former church building after being destroyed by Supertyphoon Pongsona in December 2002.

Sisters of Mercy Convent
The Mercy convent opened in 1951 in Tai, Mangilao as a second convent to accommodate the growing number of sisters and novices. The first convent was in the capital city of Hagåtña.

United Methodist Church
Methodist church members received a loan from the United Methodist Development fund in 1996 to build this church on Route 15 in Mangilao. The congregation was initiated on Guam in 1971.

University of Guam
In June 1952 the Government of Guam established the Territorial College of Guam as a two-year teacher training school in the village of Mongmong under the Department of Education. In 1960 the college moved to its present location along the cliffline in Mangilao and by that time had expanded the academic programs, faculty and staff to meet the needs of increasing enrollment. Administrative control over the college was transferred in 1963 from the Department of Education to a five-member Board of Regents.

The college was accredited as a four-year, degree granting institution that same year and again in 1965. After gaining the maximum five-year accreditation period, the college was renamed the University of Guam by an act of the Guam Legislature. An Act of the United States Congress on June 22, 1972 designated the university as a land-grant institution. The university later gained Administrative Autonomy with the enactment of Public Law 13-194, “The Higher Education Act” in 1976 establishing it as a non-membership, non-profit corporation under the control of a nine-member Board of Regents appointed by the Governor of Guam with the advice and consent of the Legislature. The University of Guam is recognized today as the major institution of higher learning in the Western Pacific.

Historical

Marbo Cave
Marbo Cave is a freshwater coastal cave. The spring was used to supply fresh water by the Japanese administration until 1944 and then by the US Army until 1950. The cement foundation in front of the spring supported a large pump to bring up water from the spring.

Pagat Cave
Located on the eastern side of Guam along the coastline, Pagat Cave is located in a sinkhole at the bottom of a cliff and contains a deep freshwater pool.

Recreational

Eagle Field
This recreational and sports field is located along Route 15. It was recently renovated for youth football leagues. Private skydiving companies also use the area as a landing site.

Onward Mangilao Golf Club
This Mangilao golf course is located on the central eastern coastline of Guam. It offers 6,904 yards of scenic landscape for each of its 18 golf holes. It was originally opened in April 1992.

Thousand Steps
This set of concrete steps, which actually number closer to 150 very steep steps, provides public access to the beach at the Mangilao Golf Club. Visitors can see a panoramic view of the Pacific Ocean along Guam’s eastern coast or a spectacular sunset.

Village mayors/commissioners

Mayors/Commissioners

• Allan Ungacta, Mayor, 2017-Present
• Nonito C. Blas, Commissioner/Mayor, 1987-2016
• Nicolas D. Francisco, Commissioner, 1973-1987
• Jesus DLR Santos, Commissioner, 1969-1973
• Jesus T. Pereira, Commissioner, 1952-1969
• Manuel T. Sablan, Commissioner, 1950-1952
• Francisco P. Pangelinan, Commissioner, 1933-1944

Vice Mayor

• Thomas Duenas, Vice Mayor, 2017-Present

Editor’s note:	The preceding list was provided by Konsehelon Mahot Guåhan/the Mayor’s Council of Guam.

For further reading

Babauta, Shannon. “’I Tano’-ta Mangilao.” Pacific Sunday News, 4 March 1984, islander.

Hutton, Shirley. “I Like Guam.” Territorial Sun, 4 February 1962.

Lotz, David T. “Once a Chamorro Village: Pagat.” Pacific Sunday News, 20 November 1988, islander.

Mayors Council of Guam. “MCOG – Mayors Council of Guam.”

Onedera, Peter R., ed. Nå’an Lugåt Siha gi ya Guåhan (Guam Place Names). Hagåtña: Chamorro Language Commission, 1988.

Pacific Islands University. “About.” Last modified 16 May 2022.

Sanchez, Pedro C. Guahan Guam: The History of Our Island. Hagåtña: Sanchez Publishing House, 1987.

Know my island – Know my history

Pale’ Jesus Baza Duenas, Guam’s Patriot Priest

When the Japanese occupied Guam in the early 1940s, people stayed in their Mangilao ranch homes to avoid Japanese soldiers living in Hagåtña. During the war, the Japanese occupied the Mangilao School building, but otherwise stayed out of the area until the end of the occupation when a prominent CHamoru leader was assassinated in the village.

Father Jesus Baza Duenas was Guam’s second ordained CHamoru priest, and one of two CHamoru priests who continued to minister during the war. He was greatly admired as a dynamic preacher who attracted young people to the church. Before the war he was the parish priest in Inalåhan, and during the war he continued to minister to Catholics in Guam’s southern communities.

As a prominent religious leader, Fr. Duenas was able to influence many people. The Japanese knew this, and had heard that he had instructed people not to obey some of the Imperial Army’s regulations. Fr. Duenas was also a strong advocate for the rights of the CHamoru people. He would meet with the Japanese civil governor to discuss their welfare and suggest improvements. Throughout the occupation, the Japanese would not act upon his suggestions and he became less cooperative as time went on.

Because he spoke up, Duenas was put under constant surveillance. The Japanese had suspected that he knew the whereabouts of George Tweed, the sole American solider kept in hiding on Guam during the entire war. Japanese police arrested and publicly tortured Duenas in the last month of the occupation. The thirty-three-year-old priest was brought to a site in Tai, Mangilao on 12 July 1944 and was beheaded along with his nephew.

Father Duenas Memorial School, Guam’s only all-male Catholic high school, now stands near the site of his death.